Culture & Arts

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pl9hEjIgNJs

What is the role of culture and art in modern society?

To cherish customs and traditions
To entertain and educate
To enrich our minds
To give the impression and emotions = please the senses
To develop and promote national heritage
To spend free time in a good way

TYPES OF ARTS

1. DECORATIVE ARTS

the production of objects with your hands that are beautiful and useful

PAINTING SCULPTURE ARCHITECTURE PHOTOGRAPHY

PAINTING

We can admire a picture showing:

natural scenery/landscape
still life – a picture showing e.g., vase and some apples
self-portrait – a portrait of the artist himself/herself
nude – a picture of a naked person

a painter uses – brushes, paints, canvas, palette, and easel

Visitors of galleries, museums, and other exhibitions must respect some rules.
We aren’t allowed:
X drop litter on the floor
X smoke
X take photos
X touch paintings
X make noise

WORLD FAMOUS PAINTERS
Their paintings are precious (priceless).

Pablo Picasso was a Spanish artist. He is probably best known for his cubist style. He used triangles and squares to make his portraits.

Vincent Van Gogh was a Dutch painter. During his life, he didn’t sell even one of his paintings and became famous after his death. He was mentally ill, and he tried to commit suicide. He also cut off his ear as a protest because of his unfortunate love for his cousin.

Leonardo Da Vinci was an Italian painter famous for his paintings such as Mona Lisa with her mysterious smile, or the picture: The Last Supper.

SLOVAK PAINTERS

Martin Benka

Mária Medvecká was a famous Orava painter who painted beauties of the Orava region, people at work and their hard life. Mária Medvecká used dark colours such as grey, brown, green. Her gallery is in a district town, Tvrdošín.

SCULPTURE

Here belong statues from stone, marble, metal, clay, wood, glass, ice.
Heroic statues: (sochy v nadživotnej veľkosti)
The Statue of Liberty in New York, the USA
Christ The Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Mount Rushmore in the USA
Great Sphinx of Giza in Cairo, Egypt

ARCHITECTURE

Here belong interiors and exteriors of castles, palaces, gardens, and open-air museums.
Egyptian Pyramids
Great Wall of China
Palace of Versailles in France
Eiffel Tower, France
Orava Castle, Slovakia
Wooden Roman Catholic Church in Tvrdošín, Slovakia

PHOTOGRAPHY

View from the Window at Le Gras (1826) – the first photograph ever taken
Lunch Atop a Skyscraper (1932)

2. PERFORMING ARTS

an activity that is performed in front of the audience

MUSIC DANCE LITERATURE THEATRE FILM

MUSIC

Popular music genres:
classical music, blues, country, jazz, rock, reggae, electronic music, R&B, hip-hop, punk, etc.

Musical instruments:
recorder, trumpet, guitar, piano, violin, flute, accordion, saxophone, drums, contrabass, bagpipes

CLASSICAL MUSIC

Classical music is written by a composer and performed by an orchestra. The orchestra has a conductor – a person at the front who directs the musicians.
The majority of people are laymen in classical music because they aren‘t interested in it.

Still, some tunes are very catchy, so that people usually choose this kind of music when relaxing or studying. It is said that classical music boosts your memory, fights against depression, puts you to sleep, reduces stress level, and last but not least, it makes you happy.

Among the most famous world, composers belong:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Ludwig Van Beethoven
Johann Sebastian Bach.

DANCE

HERE IS THE LIST OF THE MOST POPULAR DANCES:
Ballet, Ballroom, Contemporary dance, Hip Hop, Jazz dance, Folk dance, Irish dance, Modern dance, Swing dance, Tap dance

Slovak famous folk dance groups are Lúčnica, SĽUK and Oravan.

LITERATURE

FICTION & NON-FICTION

FICTION BOOKS

are books that are not true
these books tell a story made up by the author
they are about not real people or events

There are two types of fiction books:

poetry
prose: fairy tale, novel, short story, legend, fable, drama, comedy, science fiction

Boys usually read adventure stories or science fiction.
Girls prefer romantic stories or novels.
Adults like reading detective stories, historical novels or travel books, or biographies

NON-FICTION BOOKS

are books that are true
these books tell about real people, real places, and real events
they provide us information, here belong: textbooks, dictionaries, encyclopedias, biographies, self-help books, cookery books

FAMOUS WRITERS

Ernest Hemingway (The Old Man and The Sea)
William Shakespeare (Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo nad Juliet)
Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav (Hájniková žena, Bloody Sonnets)
Martin Kukučín (Rysavá jalovica, Neprebudený)

THEATRE

A theatre is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The performers go to a rehearsal before the performance. If the actors forget the text, there is a prompter behind the curtains, ready to help.

FILM

Films are shown on a screen. Movies shot in a foreign language usually have subtitles, or they are dubbed. A lot of movies are based on a true story.

In the film, we can see:

the cast – all the actors in a movie.
extras – people who appear in a film only as members of a crowd.
a stuntman – a person employed to take an actor’s place in performing dangerous stunts.
end credits that show the names and roles of all the people who worked in the film. Actors and actresses have to do many auditions to put on /act a play or a film. Before a new movie is released to cinemas, people can watch a trailer. The purpose of the trailer is to attract an audience to the film.

FILM GENRES

action films, historical films, western films, thrillers, horror, comedy films, musical films, adventure films, fantasy films, animated films, sci-fi films, romantic films, drama

HERE ARE THE ELEMENTS OF A GREAT MOVIE:

good characters
simple plot – a simple story is enough to win people’s hearts
theme – your message should be clear
attention to details – details of the movie are very important
good ending -the ending of a story is crucial to the success of a film

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS THAT HELP YOU DESCRIBE A MOVIE: brilliant, low-budget, violent, gripping, slow, blockbuster, awful = dreadful

GOOD REASONS TO GO TO THE MOVIES:

It takes less time to get the whole story.
Reading books is time-consuming. It can take a week to read a book.
Going to the cinema is a social event and fun because you can go with your friends.
Films help us appreciate art.

ARGUMENTS FOR PREFERING BOOKS:

we can use our imagination
vocabulary expansion
memory improvement
free entertainment
better writing and speaking skills
we become wiser and more educated
improved concentration

Vocabulary

culture [ˈkʌltʃə] – kultúra
general [ˈdʒenərəl or ˈdʒenrəl] – všeobecný
aim [eɪm] – cieľ, zámer
cherish [ˈtʃerɪʃ] – uchovávať (v srdci), strážiť si, čo je vzácne
entertain [ˌentəˈteɪn] – zabaviť, pobaviť
enrich [ɪnˈrɪtʃ] – obohatiť
promote [prəˈməʊt] – propagovať, podporovať
cultural heritage [ˈkʌltʃərəl ˈherɪtɪdʒ] – kultúrne dedičstvo, odkaz
decorative arts [ˈdekərətɪv or ˈdekrətɪv ɑːts] – dekoratívne umenie
landscape painting / natural scenery [ˈlændˌskeɪp ˈpeɪntɪŋ] / [ˈnætʃrəl ˈsiːnərɪ] – krajinomaľba
nude [njuːd] – akt
brush [brʌʃ] – štetec
paints [peɪnts] – farby
canvas [ˈkænvəs] – maliarske plátno
easel [ˈiːz^əl] – maliarsky stojan
triangle [ˈtraɪˌæŋg^əl] – trojuholník
square [skweə] – štvorec
rectangle [ˈrekˌtæŋg^əl] – obdľžnik
cubist [ˈkjuːbɪst] – kubistický
Dutch [dʌtʃ] – holandský
the Duch [dʌtʃ] – Holanďania
commit suicide [kəˈmɪt ˈsuːɪˌsaɪd] – spáchať samovraždu
unfortunate [ʌnˈfɔːtʃənɪt] – nešťastný
mysterious smile [mɪˈstɪərɪəs smaɪl] – záhadný úsmev
sculpture [ˈskʌlptʃə] – socha, sochárstvo
statue [ˈstætjuː] – socha (postava človeka)

marble [ˈmɑːb^əl] – mramor
clay [kleɪ] – hlina (hrnčiarska)
Christ The Redeemer Statue [kraɪst ðə rɪˈdiːmə] – Socha Krista Spasiteľa
Statue of Liberty [ˈstætjuː ˈlɪbətɪ] – Socha Slobody
performing arts [pəˈfɔːmɪŋ ɑːts] – predvádzacie umenia (vystupovanie pred publikom)
audience [ˈɔːdɪəns] – diváci, publikum, obecenstvo
bagpipes [ˈbægˌpaɪps] – gajdy
drums [drʌms] – bubny
violin [ˌvaɪəˈlɪn] – husle
flute [fluːt] – flauta
guitar [gɪˈtɑː] – gitara
play the guitar – hrať na gitare
accordion [əˈkɔːdɪən] – ťahacia harmonika
harmonica [hɑːˈmɒnɪkə] – fúkacia harmonika
composer [kəmˈpəʊzə] – hudobný skladateľ
conductor [kənˈdʌktə] – dirigent
laymen [ˈleɪmən] – laik, neodborník, amatér
tune [tjuːn] – melódia
catchy [ˈkætʃɪ] – chytľavé (melódia)
belly dance [ˈbelɪ dɑːns] – brušný tanec
tap dance [tæp dɑːns] – stepovanie
fable [ˈfeɪb^əl] – bájka
fairy tale [ˈfeərɪ teɪl] – rozprávka
stage [steɪdʒ] – javisko
the curtain [ˈkɜːt^ən] – divadelná opona
prompter [ˈprɒmptə] – šepkár v divadle
rehearsal [rɪˈhɜːs^əl] – skúška v divadle
actor [ˈæktə] – herec
actress [ˈæktrɪs] – herečka

screen [skriːn] – premietacie plátno, obrazovka
subtitles [ˈsʌbˌtaɪt^əls] – titulky
dubbed [ˈdʌbd] – dabovaný, nahovorený
cast [kɑːst] – účinkujúci, herecké obsadenie
extras [ˈekstrə] – komparz vo filme
stunt man [ˈstʌntmən] – kaskadér
end credits [ˈkredɪts] – záverečné titulky na konci filmu
audition [ɔːˈdɪʃən] – konkurz na hereckú rolu
trailer [ˈtreɪlə] – upútavka, ukážka z filmu
cartoon [kɑːˈtuːn] – kreslený film
Cinderella [ˌsɪndəˈrelə] – Popoluška
Sleeping Beauty [sliːpɪŋ ˈbjuːtɪ] – Šípková Ruženka
Little Red Riding Hood [ˈlɪt^əl red ˈraɪdɪŋ hʊd] – Červená čiapočka
Three Pigs [θriː pɪg] – Tri prasiatka
Snow White [snəʊ waɪt] – Snehulienka
blockbuster [ˈblɒkˌbʌstə] – filmový trhák
dreadful movie [ˈdredfʊl ˈmuːvɪ] – hrozný, príšerný, trašný film
slow movie [sləʊ ˈmuːvɪ ] – veľmi nudný film
gripping movie [grɪpɪŋ ˈmuːvɪ] – napínavý film
setting [ˈsetɪŋ] – prostredie príbehu (miesto a čas, kedy sa príbeh odohráva)
plot [plɒt] – dej príbehu, zápletka
First Communion [fɜːst kəˈmjuːnjən] – 1.sväté prijímanie
Confirmation [ˌkɒnfəˈmeɪʃən] – birmovanie
we aren’t allowed – nemôžeme
time consuming [taɪm kənˈsjuːmɪŋ] – časovo náročné